![store and transmit genetic information store and transmit genetic information](https://media.cheggcdn.com/study/6ab/6ab8a2a6-988a-43d2-8e1e-58c48ecad65b/image.png)
DNA dictates the structure of mRNA in a process known as transcription, and RNA dictates the structure of protein in a process known as translation. Features of DNA and RNAĮven though the RNA is single stranded, most RNA types show extensive intramolecular base pairing between complementary sequences, creating a predictable three-dimensional structure essential for their function.Īs you have learned, information flow in an organism takes place from DNA to RNA to protein. Each nucleotide is made up of three components: a nitrogenous base, a pentose (five-carbon) sugar, and a phosphate group (Figure \(\PageIndex\): Features of DNA and RNA. The nucleotides combine with each other to form a polynucleotide, DNA or RNA. Other types of RNA-like rRNA, tRNA, and microRNA-are involved in protein synthesis and its regulation.ĭNA and RNA are made up of monomers known as nucleotides. This intermediary is the messenger RNA (mRNA).
![store and transmit genetic information store and transmit genetic information](https://d20khd7ddkh5ls.cloudfront.net/untitled_841.jpg)
The DNA molecules never leave the nucleus but instead use an intermediary to communicate with the rest of the cell. The other type of nucleic acid, RNA, is mostly involved in protein synthesis. DNA controls all of the cellular activities by turning the genes “on” or “off.”
#Store and transmit genetic information code
Many genes contain the information to make protein products other genes code for RNA products. A chromosome may contain tens of thousands of genes. In eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotes, DNA forms a complex with histone proteins to form chromatin, the substance of eukaryotic chromosomes. The entire genetic content of a cell is known as its genome, and the study of genomes is genomics. In prokaryotes, the DNA is not enclosed in a membranous envelope. It is found in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. DNA is the genetic material found in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).